337e Mechanism for Carbide Supported Water Gas Shift Catalysts

Timothy E. King, Shyamal K. Bej, and Levi T. Thompson. Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2300 Hayward Ave., 3230 H. H. Dow Bldg., Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2136

The water-gas-shift (WGS) reaction is an important industrial reaction used to remove CO from synthesis gas during H2 production.  The reaction is gaining importance as a consequence of increased interest in producing H2 for fuel cells.  The widely used low temperature WGS catalyst formulation, Cu-Zn-Al, has low intrinsic activity resulting in relatively large reactor volumes.  Recently we discovered that the introduction of Group VIII metals onto Mo2C significantly improved the WGS activity.  In fact, some of the carbide-based formulations were more than an order of magnitude more active than a commercial Cu-Zn-Al catalyst.  In this paper we discuss the WGS mechanisms for Mo2C and Pt/Mo2C catalysts.  The data was fitted to the power law, Langmuir-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson (LHHW), and redox models.  The results suggested that mechanisms for the carbide-supported materials were different from that for the Cu-Zn-Al catalyst.  The WGS rate for Mo2C was nearly first order in CO concentration and almost zero order with respect to H2O.  These orders were essentially reversed with the introduction of Pt.  The Cu-Zn-Al catalyst was nearly first order in both CO and H2O.  The zero order dependency on CO for the Pt/Mo2C makes it superior to Cu-Zn-Al at low CO concentrations.  The reaction over Mo2C proceeds through a mechanism in which CO and H2O compete for adsorption sites. Results for the Pt/Mo2C catalyst suggested a dual site mechanism involving the non-competitive adsorption of CO and H2O.  The reaction rate for Pt/Mo2C was best described using a LHHW model with surface reaction being the controlling step.  The beneficial role of Pt was also evident from the CO and H2O chemisorption data.  Diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) and in-situ pulse reaction studies were also used to provide additional mechanistic understanding.  In addition, the models were used to estimate sizes for the WGS reactors.  Reactors incorporating the Pt/Mo2C catalysts are projected to be an order of magnitude smaller than that for a Cu-Zn-Al catalyst.  These and other results will be discussed.