Numerous neurological disorders and injuries, such as Parkinson's disease, epilepsy, and stroke, require a biomaterial to generate and record electrical activity in the damaged or diseased tissue. One common problem of all chronically implanted electrodes is that of the tissue-electrode interface. Tissue reactions typically lead to encapsulation around the electrode, significantly reducing the electrode's performance and lifetime. The ideal solution is to surface modify neural prosthetic devices with a fibrous, biocompatible, and electrically conductive material that can provide high interfacial area for charge transport and tissue contact. In this study, we explored the use of layer-by-layer (LBL) assembled single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT)-polyelectrolyte composite thin films for interfacing neural tissues. LBL assembled SWNT thin films are perfect for this application because they have exceptional tensile strength, high flexibility, good electrical conductivity and chemical stability. We seeded and differentiated human peripheral blood derived neural stem cells and mouse embryonic cortex neural stem cells on LBL assembled SWNT thin films. Differentiated neural stems cells were examined for their morphology, viability, neurite formation, and phenotype. Our findings confirmed that SWNT thin films are as compatible as tissue culture plates and traditionally used substratum in supporting neurite formation and differentiation of neural stem cells.