482e Bioerodible Scaffolds for Implantable Microfluidic Probes in Convection Enhanced Neural Drug Delivery

Conor P. Foley1, Keith B. Neeves1, W. Mark Saltzman2, and William L. Olbricht1. (1) School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, 120 Olin Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853, (2) Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, 15 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT 06520

Convection enhanced delivery (CED) is a promising drug delivery method that can improve the spatial distribution of drugs delivered directly to the brain. In CED drugs are infused into the brain through a needle or catheter, which establishes a pressure gradient in the tissue. Because transport is dominated by convection, infused compounds may penetrate farther into the tissue than they do when transport is dominated by diffusion, as in the case of release from an implant or reservoir. However, to realize the benefits of drug transport by convection, several technical challenges must be overcome, including tissue damage, backflow, and occlusion of the needle tip. The use of microfluidic probes may help overcome these difficulties. It has been shown for infusions into rats and brain phantoms that silicon-based microfluidic probes can deliver greater flow rates than needles without backflow or occlusion However, for long-term infusions, there may be significant advantages to developing microfluidic probes that are not silicon-based. In particular, silicon probes have been found to cause a significant foreign body response that may be induced by a mismatch in mechanical properties between the deformable tissue and the rigid silicon probe. We have developed a hybrid probe that consists of a flexible parylene microfluidic channel and a rigid biodegradable insertion scaffold made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA). The hybrid device is rigid enough for insertion into neural tissue, yet has the properties of a flexible polymer after the scaffold degrades. The flexible microfluidic section was produced using standard top down microfabrication techniques. The finished channel has a cross sectional area of 10 μm X 50 μm, and is 9 mm long overall (3 mm insertable). The PLGA insertion scaffold was made by hot-embossing PLGA granules in a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) mold. To form the master for the mold, a silicon wafer was patterned using photolithography and selectively etched using a Bosch process. The finished scaffolds have implantable shanks that are 150 μm wide, 200 μm thick, and 3.25 mm long. The hybrid devices were inserted into agarose gel phantoms and the PLGA scaffold has a negligible effect on the flow characteristics of the channels. Furthermore, the use of PLGA allows the scaffold to be loaded with drugs that can influence the local tissue and improve the effectiveness of the CED protocol. For example, we have loaded the scaffolds with dexamethasone (an anti-inflammatory agent) and characterized the in vitro release kinetics.