374d Oscillating Magnetic Field Gradient Induced Motion of a Magnetic Photocatalyst

William L. Kostedt IV and David W. Mazyck. Environmental Engineering Sciences, University of Florida, 321 A.P. Black Hall, P.O. Box 116450, Gainesville, FL 32611-6450

Photocatalytic oxidation of organic contaminants has received much attention in academic literature, but has not been commercially viable primarily due to the difficulties in scaling up processes from a laboratory scale to an industrial scale. One particular difficulty is reactor containment of the highly photoactive nanoparticulate titanium dioxide, which is used most frequently in literature due to its non-toxicity, low-cost, and stability. A popular approach to solving this problem has been immobilization of the nano-sized titanium dioxide, which will likely decrease the mass transfer of contaminants to the photocatalyst with respect to slurry, but avoid the separation difficulty. A more effective approach, and that used in this research, is to immobilize the titanium dioxide on magnetic core particles that can be both agitated and contained using a two-component magnetic field (a static field to counteract gravity and spread the catalyst throughout the reactor and an oscillating field to induce agitation). This allows for increased mass transfer of slurry-based systems and provides a potential option for avoiding photocatalyst separation altogether. Using this reactor, an 11 ppm solution of phenol was used for testing under various conditions including catalyst loading, oscillating frequency and current, presence of a permanent magnet and the number of lamps to determine how they impacted the extent of photocatalysis. Using 100 mg of photocatalyst, oscillating magnet at 60 Hz and 1 A, 3-365 nm UV lamps , and permanent magnet present the phenol concentration was reduced to 0.33 ppm and the non-purgeable dissolved organic carbon was reduced to 0.62 ppm.