This presentation willl provide a matrix of the various process steps which have been considered, some of which have been developed, to convert lignocellulosic biomass to fermentable sugars for production of ethanol, or other chemical products. The status of various pretreatments, and subsequent enzymatic sacharification and fermentation technologies will be presented, as well as product recovery and waste disposal systems. Current status of development, demonstration and industrial projects will also be indicated.