MEDT8007 Simulation Methods in Ultrasound Imaging 2015

Updated 21.04.2015

The course will provide the required theoretic background on simulation methods for ultrasound propagation, beamforming and scattering, with and without non-linear effects. It will also provide knowledge of practical use of current simulation tools through lectures and exercises.

The course will be held as part of the Norwegian Research School in Medical Imaging.

Exam date: 1^st of June 2015!

Schedule

Week 1, February 23 - 27:

Time	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday
9:00-10:00		09:00 Angular spectrum approach Hans Torp Review exercise 1 Ingvild	09:00 Review exercise 2 Jørgen Avdal	09:00 Ultrasound scattering and image formation Hans Torp Review exercise 3 Martino Alessandrini	Dynamic objects (Doppler) (Exercise included) Lasse Løvstakken
10:00-11:00	10:00 Welcome! Ingvild Kinn Ekroll 11:00 Introduction to linear fields Jørgen Avdal
11:00-12:00			10:30 Alternative linear methods: COLE Martino Alessandrini		Review exercise 4 Solveig Fadnes
12:00-13:00	Lunch	Lunch	Lunch	Lunch	Lunch
13:00-14:00	Introduction to linear field analysis Ingvild Kinn Ekroll	Linear simulation models Spatial impulse response Jørgen Avdal Exercise 2 Field II simulation Jørgen Avdal	Exercise 3 COLE simulator Martino Alessandrini	13:00 Exercise 4 Field II simulations + phantom imaging, Solveig Fadnes	Student assignments
14:15-15:00	Exercise 1 Huygens and more
15:15-16:00

Week 2, May 4 – 8:

Time	Monday	Tuesday	Wednesday	Thursday	Friday
9:15-10:00		Finite-difference methods/ Heterogenous tissue Alfonso R. Molares	Transducer modelling Tonni F. Johansen	Review exercise 7	Self studies / exercises
10:15-11:00	Introduction to non-linear wave propagation Bjørn Angelsen			Student presentations
11:15-12:00			Review exercise 6 Alfonso R. Molares
12:00-13:00	Lunch	Lunch	Lunch	Lunch
13:00-14:00	More non-linear propagation Propose Hans Torp	Exercise 6 K-wave Alfonso R. Molares	Excercise 7 xTrans simulation tool	Student presentations/ self studies
14:15-15:00	Exercise 5 Propose
15:15-16:00

Exercises

See here: http://folk.ntnu.no/ingvilek/MEDT8007/Exercises/

Lectures

See here: http://folk.ntnu.no/ingvilek/MEDT8007/Lectures/

Location

The lectures and exercises will be held in meeting rooms AHM31/AHM34/AHM36 at St. Olavs Hospital, AHL-building, 3rd floor. Some exercises will be in the ultrasound lab in the AHL building.

Content
The course will cover the following topics and simulation methods

• linear wave propagation (spatial impulse response, K-space, 2D and 3D models, ...);
• beamforming and image formation (1D and 2D arrays);
• the transducer and its electric pathways (XTRans);
• moving scatterers and dynamic objects (Doppler and tissue Doppler imaging);
• non-linear wave propagation (quasi-linear approximation, KZK equation, finite differences methods, ...);

Recommended background knowledge
Master's Degree in Engineering or Physics or an equivalent education. TTK4160 Medical Imaging, TTK4165 Signal Processing in Medical Imaging and/or MEDT8012 Introduction to Ultrasound Technology.

Course curriculum:

Handouts, assignments and exercises. The book Foundations of Biomedical Ultrasound from Richard S.C. Cobbold.

Calculation methods for linear fields

From Cobbold:
- Chapter 1 lies the basis for many topics covered within the course. At least read through it, quite some of it is also prior knowledge.
- 2.1 Development of the Rayleigh integral (basis for both SIR and ASM, read through)
- 2.2 Spatial Impulse Response (SIR)
- 2.3 Angular Spectrum Method (ASM)
- 3.1 Application of the ASM
- 3.2 Boundary conditions (read through)
- 3.3 Application of the SIR

Recommended literature:
- Jensen, J.A., Speed-accuracy trade-offs in computing SIRs for simulating medical ultrasound imaging, J Comput Acoust, vol. 9, no. 3, 2001. (This document is slightly different from the original publication, it has for instance two more figures.)

Transducer design

From Cobbold:
- Subsection 1.5 and chapter 6.

Additional literature:
- McKeighen, R.E., Design guidelines for medical ultrasonic arrays, Proc SPIE, vol. 3341, no. 2, 1998.

Recommended literature:
- Angelsen, B.A.J., Ultrasound imaging, Emantec, Trondheim, 2000. Vol. 1, chapter 2 and 3.

Dynamic objects

From Cobbold:
- Subsection 9.6 and chapter 10, with emphasis on 10.1, 10.2 and 10.8.

Alternative linear methods

- Gao, H., et al., A fast convolution-based methodology to simulate 2-D/3-D cardiac ultrasound images

Recommended literature:
- Crosby, J., et al., The effect of including myocardial anisotropy in simulated ultrasound images of the heart

Non-linear propagation I and II

From Cobbold:
- Subsection 1.3 (for some additional background) and chapter 4.

Additional literature:
- Torp, H., Nonlinear wave propagation - A fast 3D simulation method based on quasi-linear approximation of the second harmonic field, 2005.

Teaching methods and activities
Two full weeks of lectures and laboratory practice plus an assignment of approximately 60 hours.

Examination
Oral

Credits
7.5 (225 hours)

Contact: Ingvild Kinn Ekroll, ingvild.k.ekroll@ntnu no, ph. 98088240